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# OpenWRT in Docker
# OpenWrt in Docker
Inspired by other projects that run `hostapd` in a Docker container. This goes one step further and boots a full network OS intended for embedded devices called [OpenWRT](https://openwrt.org/), so you can manage all aspects of your network from a user-friendly web UI.
Inspired by other projects that run `hostapd` in a Docker container. This goes one step further and boots a full network OS intended for embedded devices called [OpenWrt](https://openwrt.org/), so you can manage all aspects of your network from a user-friendly web UI.
I only tested this on x86_64, but it might work on ARM too with some minor tweaking.
For Raspberry Pi-specific build instructions, see [Building on Raspberry Pi](./rpi.md).
## Dependencies
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```
$ make build
```
If you want additional OpenWRT packages to be present in the base image, add them to the Dockerfile. Otherwise you can install them with `opkg` after bringing up the container.
If you want additional OpenWrt packages to be present in the base image, add them to the Dockerfile. Otherwise you can install them with `opkg` after bringing up the container.
A searchable package list is available on [openwrt.org](https://openwrt.org/packages/table/start).
## Configure
Initial configuration is performed using a config file, `openwrt.conf`. Values read from this file at runtime are used to generate OpenWRT format config files.
Initial configuration is performed using a config file, `openwrt.conf`. Values read from this file at runtime are used to generate OpenWrt format config files.
To add or change the base configuration, modify the config templates in `etc/config/<section>.tpl`.
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### Hairpinning
This took a couple of tries to get working. The most challenging issue was getting traffic from WLAN clients to reach each other.
In order for this to work, OpenWRT bridges all interfaces in the LAN zone and sets hairpin mode (aka [reflective relay](https://lwn.net/Articles/347344/)) on the WLAN interface, meaning packets arriving on that interface can be 'reflected' back out through the same interface.
OpenWRT is not able to set this mode from inside the container even with `NET_ADMIN` capabilities, so this must be done from the host.
In order for WLAN clients to see one another, OpenWrt bridges all interfaces in the LAN zone and sets hairpin mode (aka [reflective relay](https://lwn.net/Articles/347344/)) on the WLAN interface, meaning packets arriving on that interface can be 'reflected' back out through the same interface.
`run.sh` tries to handle this, and prints a warning if it fails.

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# Building on Raspberry Pi
Turn your Pi into a pretty okay-ish travel router (or a very slow main router)!
OpenWrt officially supports Raspberry Pi hardware if you want to run it as your OS. But running in a container brings many advantages, one of which is not having to re-flash your SD card.
This has been tested on a Raspberry Pi Zero W running Raspbian Lite, but should work for other versions too. Just make sure you download the right image for your Pi version (refer to the notes in [build-rpi.sh](./build-rpi.sh)).
## IPv6
By default Raspbian does not load the kernel module for IPv6 `iptables` on boot.
Run `sudo modprobe ip6_tables` to load it immediately.
To persist on reboot, run
$ echo 'ip6_tables' | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/ip6-tables.conf
---
## Build
You can build the OpenWRT docker image on the Pi itself, or on your x86 PC with `qemu-arm` installed.
First download and extract the OpenWRT factory image for your Pi. Refer to the [OpenWrt Table of Hardware](https://openwrt.org/toh/raspberry_pi_foundation/raspberry_pi) to choose the right image. Then run the `make` target.
The variable `RPI_SOURCE_IMG` can be specified in openwrt.conf or on the command line:
```
$ https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/19.07.2/targets/brcm2708/bcm2708/openwrt-19.07.2-brcm2708-bcm2708-rpi-ext4-factory.img.gz
$ gzip -d openwrt-*.img.gz
$ make build-rpi RPI_SOURCE_IMG=openwrt-19.07.2-brcm2708-bcm2708-rpi-ext4-factory.img
```
If you built the image on your PC, send it to your Raspberry Pi (`$BUILD_TAG` is a config variable):
```
$ docker save $BUILD_TAG | ssh <your_raspberry_pi_host> docker load