Update the spec
Juhani Krekelä
parent
8ad64e154b
commit
937bf044d0
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M17-Protocol.odt
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M17-Protocol.odt
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M17_FEC.ods
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M17_FEC.ods
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1. Acronyms used in this document
|
||||
FSK - Frequency Shift Keying
|
||||
4FSK - Quaternary FSK
|
||||
BPS - Bits Per Second
|
||||
PTT - Push To Talk
|
||||
V+D - Voice plus Data
|
||||
AES - Advanced Encryption Standard
|
||||
CTR - Counter (stream cipher mode)
|
||||
LICH - Link Information CHannel
|
||||
ECC - Error Correction Coding
|
||||
SSN - Stream/Superframe Sequence Number (TODO: rename this to FN - Frame Number)
|
||||
CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check
|
||||
|
||||
2. Every transmission starts with a PREAMBLE, which shall consist of at least 40ms of alternating -3, +3... symbols.
|
||||
|
||||
3. Bit types:
|
||||
Type 1 - raw data
|
||||
Type 2 - type 1 bits after appropriate encoding
|
||||
Type 3 - type 2 bits after puncturing (only for convolutionally coded data, for other ECC schemes type 3 bits are the same as type 2 bits)
|
||||
Type 4 - interleaved (re-ordered) type 3 bits, the re-ordering scheme is given in another chapter
|
||||
|
||||
Type 4 bits are used for transmission over the RF. Incoming type 4 bits shall be decoded to type 1 bits, which are then used
|
||||
to extract all the frame fields.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Frame 1 fields (Type 1 bits):
|
||||
DST - destination address - 48 bits, encoded callsign or a special number (eg. a group)
|
||||
SRC - source address - 48 bits, encoded callsign of the originator or a special number (eg. a group)
|
||||
TYPE - type - 16 bits, information about incoming data stream:
|
||||
bit 0 - packet/stream indicator, 0=packet, 1=stream
|
||||
bit 2,3 - data type indicator, 01=data (D), 10=voice (V), 11=V+D, 00=reserved
|
||||
bit 4 - voice codec indicator, 0=Codec2 1=other
|
||||
bit 5 - voice codec bitrate, 0=3200bps, 1=other
|
||||
bit 6,7 - encryption type, 00=none, 01=AES, 10=scrambling, 11=other/reserved
|
||||
bits 8..15 - reserved (don't care)
|
||||
NONCE - nonce value for encryption - 128 bits
|
||||
TAIL - 4 flushing bits for the convolutional encoder
|
||||
|
||||
These fields (except TAIL) form initial LICH. It contains all information needed to establish M17 link. Later in the transmission,
|
||||
this channel is divided into 5 "chunks" and transmitted interleaved with data. The purpose of that is to allow late-joiners
|
||||
to receive the LICH at any point of the transmission. The process of collecting full LICH takes 6 frames, that's 6*40 ms = 240 ms.
|
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Four TAIL bits are needed for the convolutional coder to go back to state 0, so also the ending trellis position is known.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Frames 2, 3, 4, 5 fields:
|
||||
SYNC - synchronization burst - 16 bits (0x3243), first 16-bit part of pi in hexadecimal notation
|
||||
LICH - LICH chunk, one of 5 - 48 bits, part of full LICH
|
||||
SSN - frame number - 16 bits, starts from 0 and increments every frame
|
||||
PAYLOAD - payload/data - 128 bits, can contain arbitrary data
|
||||
CRC - CRC - 16 bits, this field contains 16-bit value used to check data integrity, CRC-16 is used
|
||||
TAIL - 4 flushing bits for the convolutional encoder that don't carry any information
|
||||
|
||||
6. Frame 6 fields (Type 1 bits):
|
||||
SYNC - synchronization burst - 16 bits (0x3243), first 16-bit part of pi in hexadecimal notation
|
||||
PAYLOAD - payload/data - 128 bits, can contain arbitrary data
|
||||
PREAMBLE - preamble for late-joiners - 240 bits, 25 ms of alternating -3, +3... symbols
|
||||
|
||||
7. Superframe structure
|
||||
A superframe contains 6 frames. At the beginning of the transmission, a leading PREAMBLE is sent. Immediately after that, a superframe starts.
|
||||
First frame has SSN field equal to 0 (zero). 6 consecutive frames are transmitted with no pauses in between. The last 25 milliseconds
|
||||
of the superframe is the PREAMBLE for late-joiners. Every other superframes have identical structure. 15 milliseconds PREAMBLE marks the end
|
||||
of the transmission.
|
||||
|
||||
8. Error coding schemes and bit type conversion
|
||||
8.1 Frame 1:
|
||||
240 DST, SRC, TYPE and NONCE type 1 bits are convolutionally coded using rate 1/2 coder with constraint K=5. 4 tail bits are used to flush
|
||||
the encoder's state register, giving a total of 244 bits being encoded. Resulting 488 type 2 bits are retained for type 3 bits computation.
|
||||
Type 3 bits are computed by puncturing type 2 bits using a scheme shown in chapter X. This results in 368 bits, which in conjunction with
|
||||
the SYNC field give 384 bits (384 bits / 9600bps = 40 ms).
|
||||
Interleaving type 3 bits produce type 4 bits that are ready to be transmitted. Interleaving is used to combat error bursts.
|
||||
|
||||
8.2 Frames 2 through 5:
|
||||
A 48-bit (type 1) chunk of LICH is partitioned into 4 12-bit parts and encoded using Golay (24, 12) code. This produces 96 encoded LICH bits of type 2.
|
||||
164 SSN, PAYLOAD and CRC bits are convolutionally encoded in a manner analogous to that of Frame 1. A total of 168 bits is being encoded resulting in
|
||||
336 type 2 bits. These bits are punctured to generate 272 type 3 bits. 96 type 2 bits of LICH are concatenated with 272 type 3 bits and re-ordered to form
|
||||
type 4 bits for transmission. This, along with 16-bit sync in the beginning of frame, gives a total of 384 bits.
|
||||
|
||||
8.3 Frame 6:
|
||||
128-bit PAYLOAD is encoded convolutionally with rate 1/2, giving 256 type 2 bits. Puncturing type 2 bits shall give 224 type 3 bits. These bits
|
||||
don't need to be re-ordered and can be treated like type 4 bits for transmission. 16-bit SYNC with 224-bit data gives 15 ms space for superframe ending PREAMBLE.
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue